Timeline: Thomas Coles: The Craxford Family Genealogy Magazine

1814 - 1827 (13 years)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1814	1 Jan 1814: Invasion of France by Allies 6 Apr 1814: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba 13 Aug 1814: Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch 24 Aug 1814: The British burn the White House 29 Nov 1814: "The Times" first printed by a 'mechanical apparatus' (at 1,100 sheets per hour) 24 Dec 1814: Treaty of Ghent signed ending the 1812 war between Britain and the US
2	1815	1815: Trial by Jury established in Scotland 1815: Davy develops the safety lamp for miners 18 Jun 1815: The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena
3	1816	1816: Income tax abolished 1816: For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially below their face value – the first official 'token' coinage 1816: Climate: the 'year without a summer' – followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain "Tambora" in Indonesia the previous year, the biggest volcanic explosion in 10,000 years 1816: Large scale emigration to North America 1816: Trans-Atlantic packet service begins
4	1817	1817: March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended 1817: Constable painted "Flatford Mill"
5	1818	1818: Manchester cotton spinners' strike 20 Oct 1818: 'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its length
6	1819	1819: Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular 1819: Britain returns to gold standard 1819: Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles May 1819: SS "Savannah" first steamship to cross Atlantic, reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 days, mostly under sail) 16 Aug 1819: Peterloo Massacre at Manchester – a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St. Peter's Fields, Manchester – demand Parliamentary Reform – mounted troops charge on the meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others
7	1820	1820: Cato Street Conspiracy – plot to assissinate British cabinet 1820: Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition 29 Jan 1820: Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent 1 Aug 1820: Regent's Canal in London opens 17 Aug 1820: Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her – George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her – Caroline is virtually acquitted because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords
8	1821	1821: Faraday publishes "Principles of electro-magnetic rotation" 1821: Constable paints "The Hay Wain" 5 May 1821: Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena
9	1822	14 Jun 1822: Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society
10	1823	1823: New laws concerning marriage by licence – 'very troublesome' according to some: "the Act was repealed, all in a hurry, at the beginning of the next session" 1823: Peel begins penal reforms – death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes 1823: Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School 1823: Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh 2 Dec 1823: US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')
11	1824	1824: RSPCA established 1824: Portland cement patented 4 Mar 1824: Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the "National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck" until 1854) 10 May 1824: National Gallery in London opens to the public
12	1825	27 Sep 1825: Stockton to Darlington Railway opens – world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains
13	1827	1827: Ohm's Law published

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